Bibendum Chair

Arm chair with curved hardwood frame covered with expanded foam. Base in chrome plated tubular steel. Upholstery in leather. Bibendum Chair MADE IN ITALY.

Eileen Gray underscored the character of her endearing parlour lion with twinkling irony, she named it after the Michelin man, whose form this armchair calls to mind. Though the design may sound unpromising, the chair – in-keeping with Gray’s design philosophy – is subtly subversive and was fashioned with a good measure of whimsy. It is this self-knowingness that deflects claims that the chair is too bulky and unrefined. Far from imminent collapse, the legs and base of the chair are super strong and reliable. To finish the effect, the elephantine arms and back-rest counterpoint this slim bottom arrangement with a cute sense of irony.The Bibendum may not immediately please the eye, but it certainly intrigues and, moreover, consummately accomplishes what the designer hoped to achieve when she set-out on the design – it is welcoming and comfortable. It is the sense of the humbleness of the designer’s motivation coupled with the audacity of its execution that has made the chair a modernist classic. At once ironic and earnest, the Gray Bibendum design remains a mainstay of the modernist oeuvre as a testament to the designer’s gift for “turning the practical into the poetic”, as Colin St John Wilson, designer of the British library and a Gray admirer, has noted.

Eileen Gray

On August 9. 1878, Eileen Gray was born to an aristocratic family in Enniscorthy, a small market town in south-eastern Ireland, and spent her childhood years there. As a young adult, in order to develop her artistic sensibilities, she entered the Slade School for Fine Arts in London and from there moved to Paris where she would spend most of her working life. Paris at the turn of the century was a creative mecca for visual and performance artists, writers, scientists and philosophers. She was strikingly elegant in appearance with a tall lithe stature and auburn hair. Pictures of her, taken in her late teens and early twenties show her dressed in a Victorian style with thick tresses of dark hair piled on top of her head. In these pictures she seems a timid and slightly sad young woman with a hint of disdain in her expression, which may have been the fashion at the time for young people of her class. Later, in a 1926 photograph by Berenice Abbott she appears as a strong sophisticated woman with a lot of style, a little bit mannish perhaps – a tendancy among the bohemian set at that time – but with a lot of womanly beauty. By the time she was photographed by Abbott (according to Gray’s biographer Peter Adams, to be ‘done’ by Abbott who was a student of Man Ray ‘ meant you were rated as somebody’) she had begun to come into the fulness of her creative energy and had created opportunities for herself to explore her talent.. On a trip to London in 1905 Eileen wandered into a lacquer repair shop: a trip which was to change the course of her creative life. With new-found knowledge and some tools in hand, she returned to Paris, linked up with a master craftsman of lacquer, Sugiwara-san, and from there developed new furniture and assessory designs with striking colors and understated shapes. Her boredom with the flowing, leafy lines of the Art Nouveau movement led to an artistic vocabulary which was more closely related to the De Stijl movement: clean lines and simple forms. The effect was stunning: (see linked Lacquer work file.) Eileen’s lacquerwork succeeded in bringing her into the world of furniture and interior design. Her creative genius combined with an innovative sense of form as well as sensitivity to color, were utilized in new and innovative ways, usually to stunning effect.(see linked Furniture/Interior file) In 1921, Eileen opened a store at 217 rue du Faubourg Saint-Honore as a direct outlet to the public for her designs. The store met with relative success in spite of the owner’s lack of commercial and marketing skills. She continued to hone her designs, building upon a growing reputation for design excellence.